{"id":1433,"date":"2026-06-07T17:54:33","date_gmt":"2026-06-07T09:54:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.meditech.com.eg\/?p=1433"},"modified":"2026-06-07T17:55:35","modified_gmt":"2026-06-07T09:55:35","slug":"10-pravil-ucinkovite-prve-pomoci","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meditech.com.eg\/education\/10-pravil-ucinkovite-prve-pomoci.html","title":{"rendered":"10 pravil u\u010dinkovite prve pomo\u010di"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Prva pomo\u010d ni nekaj zapletenega. Sestavljena je iz enostavnih postopkov in pripomo\u010dkov in traja vse do prihoda strokovnjakov. S postopki prve pomo\u010di nikakor ne smemo odla\u0161ati, saj se z vsako sekundo, ko ne naredimo ni\u010d, zmanj\u0161a verjetnost pre\u017eivetja po\u0161kodovanca ali nenadno obolelega. V takih trenutkih se moramo obna\u0161ati tako, kot da je \u010dlovek pred nami na\u0161 svojec in bi zanj naredili vse, da mu re\u0161imo \u017eivljenje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11. september je svetovni dan prve pomo\u010di, torej je zdaj primeren \u010das za osve\u017eitev znanja o temeljnih postopkih o\u017eivljanja. Dokazano je, da se ve\u0161\u010dine, ki jih pridobimo na te\u010dajih prve pomo\u010di, izgubijo v treh do \u0161estih mesecih. Ravno zato je potrebno redno osve\u017eevanje \u017ee nau\u010denega. S tem se boste izognili nelagodju in strahu, ki ga ob\u010duti vsakdo, ko je postavljen pred dejstvo, da bo moral nuditi prvo pomo\u010d na kraju dogodka \u0161e pred prihodom re\u0161evalcev.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Temeljni postopki o\u017eivljanja<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Temeljni postopki o\u017eivljanja, ki bi jih moral znati nuditi vsak laik, so: hitro ugotavljanje stanj, ki lahko vodijo v nenadno sr\u010dno smrt, klic na \u0161tevilko 112, masa\u017ea srca in umetno dihanje, uporaba avtomati\u010dnega zunanjega defibrilatorja in ukrepanje pri zapori dihalne poti s tujkom. O\u017eivljamo \u010dloveka, ki ni pri zavesti, ne diha oz. ne diha normalno in se ne premika.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Deset pravil temeljnih postopkov o\u017eivljanja pri odraslih:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

1. pravilo: Najprej poskrbite za lastno varnost in za varnost prizadetega.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. pravilo: Ocenite odzivnost oz. stanje zavesti tako, da prizadetega nalahno stresete za ramena in glasno vpra\u0161ate: \u00bbAli ste v redu?\u00ab<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. pravilo: \u010ce se prizadeti premakne ali odgovori, ga pustite v obstoje\u010dem polo\u017eaju, razen v primeru, da mu grozi nevarnost iz okolice. V rednih kratkih \u010dasovnih intervalih preverjajte njegovo stanje in pokli\u010dite pomo\u010d, \u010de je treba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. pravilo: \u010ce se prizadeti ne odziva, glasno zavpijte \u00bbNa pomo\u010d!\u00ab. Obrnite ga na hrbet in sprostite dihalno pot tako, da polo\u017eite eno roko na njegovo \u010delo in ne\u017eno zvrnete glavo nazaj, z dvema prstoma druge roke pa dvignete brado, vendar opisani manever uporabite le v primeru, \u010de ni suma na po\u0161kodbo vratne hrbtenice. \u010ce obstaja sum na po\u0161kodbo vratne hrbtenice, to je recimo v primeru prometne nesre\u010de, padca z vi\u0161ine, po\u0161kodbe glave, uporabite za sprostitev dihalne poti prilagojeni trojni manever. Izvedete ga tako, da se postavite za po\u0161kodovan\u010devo glavo in se s komolci uprete ob podlago. Dlani polo\u017eite na lica prizadetemu, s prsti pa primite spodnjo \u010deljust ob u\u0161esih na obeh straneh. Nato dvignite spodnjo \u010deljust naprej in navzgor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. pravilo: Ko je dihalna pot prosta, morate ugotoviti, ali \u017ertev diha. Opazujte gibanje prsnega ko\u0161a, poslu\u0161ajte dihalne \u0161ume ter posku\u0161ajte na svojem licu ob\u010dutiti izdihani zrak prizadetega. Za ugotavljanje, ali prizadeti diha, ne porabite ve\u010d kot 10 sekund \u010dasa. Kadar niste prepri\u010dani, ali prizadeti diha normalno, ravnajte tako, kakor da ne diha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. pravilo: Kadar ugotovite normalno dihanje, prizadetega namestite v polo\u017eaj za nezavestnega (slike na sosednji strani zgoraj) ter po\u0161ljite nekoga po pomo\u010d ali pokli\u010dite 112. V kratkih \u010dasovnih intervalih preverjajte, ali je dihanje \u0161e normalno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

















7. pravilo: V primeru, da prizadeti ne diha normalno oz. ne diha, je treba nemudoma poslati nekoga od ostalih prisotnih po pomo\u010d in po avtomatski zunanji defibrilator. \u010ce ste sami, pokli\u010dite 112. Prizadetega lahko zapustite le v primeru, \u010de ni nobene druge mo\u017enosti. Takoj pri\u010dnite izvajati zunanjo masa\u017eo srca. Tu je vsaka sekunda resni\u010dno \u017eivljenjskega pomena. Pokleknite ob prizadetega. Polo\u017eite peto dlani na sredino prsnega ko\u0161a na spodnjo polovico prsnice. Peta druge dlani naj bo na roki, ki je \u017ee na prsnici. Prekri\u017eajte prste obeh rok in bodite pozorni na to, da pritiskate le na prsnico, in ne na zgornji del trebuha ali rebra. S telesom se postavite nad prsni ko\u0161 prizadetega in z iztegnjenimi rokami v komolcih stisnite prsni ko\u0161 za 5\u22126 cm. Po vsakem stisu popustite pritisk na prsni ko\u0161, da se le-ta dvigne, va\u0161e roke pa naj bodo ves \u010das v stiku s prsnico. Masa\u017eo srca izvajajte s frekvenco 100 stisov na minuto.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. pravilo: Ob zunanji masa\u017ei srca pri\u010dnite izvajati umetno dihanje. Po 30 stisih prsnega ko\u0161a sprostite dihalno pot tako, da prizadetemu zvrnete glavo ter dvignete brado. Zaprite mu nosnici s palcem in kazalcem roke, ki jo imate polo\u017eeno na njegovo \u010delo. Prizadetemu odprite usta, vdihnite in zatesnite njegova usta s svojimi. Vpihujte 1 sekundo in opazujte, \u010de je vpih u\u010dinkovit oz. \u010de se prsni ko\u0161 dviguje. Po dveh u\u010dinkovitih vpihih zopet takoj pri\u010dnite z masa\u017eo srca in 30-krat stisnite prsni ko\u0161. Nadaljujte z masa\u017eo srca in umetnim dihanjem tako, da bosta v razmerju 30 stisov prsnega ko\u0161a : 2 vpiha. O\u017eivljanja nikakor ne prekinjajte, razen v primeru, \u010de bi prizadeti nenadoma pri\u010del normalno dihati ali se premikati.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9. pravilo: Kadar se ob va\u0161em prvem vpihu prsni ko\u0161 ne dvigne, ponovno preverite, \u010de je dihalna pot prosta. To storite tako, da prizadetemu odprete usta in pogledate, \u010de je v njih morda tujek, ki zapira dihalno pot, oz. ali je glava dovolj vzvrnjena in brada dvignjena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10. pravilo: O\u017eivljanje je psihi\u010dno in fizi\u010dno izredno naporno, tako da se ob ve\u010d prisotnih priporo\u010da, da se po 2 minutah izvajanja temeljnih postopkov o\u017eivljanja izvede zamenjava. Izredno pomembno pa je, da se le-ta na\u010drtuje \u017ee vnaprej in je prekinitev izvajanja o\u017eivljanja \u010dim kraj\u0161a. O\u017eivljanja ne smete nikoli prekinjati, vse dokler ne prispe strokovna pomo\u010d. Prekinete ga lahko v primeru, \u010de prizadeti pri\u010dne kazati znake \u017eivljenja ali ste popolnoma iz\u010drpani.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uporaba defibrilatorja<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

V sklop temeljnih postopkov o\u017eivljanja spada tudi uporaba zunanjega avtomati\u010dnega defibrilatorja, ki omogo\u010da defibrilacijo \u0161e pred prihodom strokovnjakov. Danes so name\u0161\u010deni na veliko javnih mestih, kot so npr. letali\u0161\u010da, pisarne, trgovski centri. So u\u010dinkoviti in varni za uporabo. Pri njihovi uporabi se dr\u017eite naslednjih pravil:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Najprej zagotovite, da ste vi in prizadeti na varnem.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. \u00a0Nato v primeru, da se prizadeti ne odziva in ne diha normalno, po\u0161ljite nekoga po pomo\u010d ter mu naro\u010dite, naj prinese zunanji avtomatski defibrilator. \u010ce ob vas ni nikogar, pokli\u010dite 112, in \u010de ne obstaja druga mo\u017enost, za\u010dasno zapustite prizadetega.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Takoj za\u010dnite s temeljnimi postopki o\u017eivljanja in jih izvajajte toliko \u010dasa, dokler ne dobite defibrilatorja.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Takoj ko imate defibrilator, ga vklju\u010dite in prilepite samolepilne elektrode na prsni ko\u0161 prizadetega. Kadar imate zraven sebe \u0161e koga, naj izvaja o\u017eivljanje tudi v \u010dasu, ko pritrjujete elektrode defibrilatorja. Nato sledite navodilom, ki vam jih bo dal defibrilator.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. Kadar defibrilator zahteva \u0161ok, se najprej prepri\u010dajte, da se prizadetega nih\u010de ne dotika, nato pritisnite gumb za \u0161ok. Takoj po \u0161oku pri\u010dnite izvajati zunanjo masa\u017eo srca in dajati umetno dihanje v razmerju 30 : 2. Natan\u010dno upo\u0161tevajte vsa navodila, ki vam jih bo dal defibrilator.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. V primeru, da \u0161ok ni potreben, takoj za\u010dnite z izvajanjem zunanje masa\u017ee srca in umetnim dihanjem v razmerju 30 : 2 ter sledite navodilom defibrilatorja.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. Izvajajte postopke po navodilih zunanjega avtomatskega defibrilatorja, vse dokler ne pride strokovna pomo\u010d ali prizadeti pri\u010dne kazati znake \u017eivljenja oz. ste popolnoma iz\u010drpani.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Zapora dihalne poti s tujkom<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    Med temeljne postopke o\u017eivljanja spada tudi pravilno ravnanje v primeru zapore dihalne poti s tujkom, kar je sicer redek, vendar mo\u017een vzrok nenadne smrti.
    Najprej ocenite resnost stanja. Ocenite, ali gre za hudo zaporo dihalne poti, v tem primeru bo ka\u0161elj neu\u010dinkovit. \u017drtev je lahko v tem primeru nezavestna \u2212 takrat takoj pri\u010dnite z izvajanjem temeljnih postopkov o\u017eivljanja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Vsako leto se v povpre\u010dju 100 ljudi zadu\u0161i s kemi\u010dnim svin\u010dnikom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u010ce je \u017ertev pri zavesti, najprej izvedite 5 udarcev po hrbtu, nato pa 5 stisov trebuha (t. i. Heimlichov prijem). Stise trebuha izvedete tako, da se postavite za hrbet prizadetega, ga nekoliko nagnete naprej ter ga objamete okrog pasu. Eno dlan stisnite v pest, jo objemite z drugo roko in ju dajte na trebuh v predel med \u017eli\u010dko in popkom. Izvedite sunkovit sunek, pri katerem potisnete trebuh prizadetega navzgor in navznoter proti sebi. Heimlichovega manevra ne izvajajte pri nose\u010dnicah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Kadar gre za bla\u017ejo zaporo dihalne poti, bo ka\u0161elj navadno u\u010dinkovit. V tem primeru spodbujajte ka\u0161elj in preverjajte, ali je leta \u0161e u\u010dinkovit, vse dokler ni zapora popolnoma razre\u0161ena.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Nudenje prve pomo\u010di je na\u0161a dol\u017enost, ki jo nalaga dolo\u010dba v zakonu o zdravstvenem varstvu in zdravstvenem zavarovanju: \u00bbVsakdo je dol\u017ean po\u0161kodovanemu ali bolnemu v nujnem primeru po svojih mo\u010deh in sposobnostih nuditi prvo pomo\u010d in mu omogo\u010diti dostop do nujne medicinske pomo\u010di.\u00ab
     <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    • Avtor: Jana Debeljak, dr. med., Dermatovenerolo\u0161ka klinika ukc Ljubljana<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      10 pravil u\u010dinkovite prve pomo\u010di<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1458,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1433","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-education"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\r\n10 pravil u\u010dinkovite prve pomo\u010di - \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u062a\u0643 | \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 | \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"10 pravil u\u010dinkovite prve pomo\u010di\" \/>\r\n<meta 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