{"id":1691,"date":"2026-06-07T20:27:50","date_gmt":"2026-06-07T12:27:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.meditech.com.eg\/?p=1691"},"modified":"2026-06-07T20:28:43","modified_gmt":"2026-06-07T12:28:43","slug":"how-do-we-measure-the-etco2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.meditech.com.eg\/Medical-product\/how-do-we-measure-the-etco2.html","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0633 ETCO2"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626<\/p>\n\n\n\n

20 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2011 \u0628\u0642\u0644\u0645 Gerard Fennessy \u0627\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0646 EMCC (Emergency Medicine Critical Care) \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 EB Medicine\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0629 Emergency Medicine Practice (EMP) \u0648 Pediatric Emergency Medicine Practice (PEMP). \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0641\u0648\u062a \u0641\u0631\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0626\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0648\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a “\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0645 \u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b” (Critically Appraised Topic) \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u060c \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0639\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0628\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0643. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0631\u064a\u0646 Scott Weingart (\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0634\u0647\u0631\u0629 EMCRIT)\u060c \u0648 Emanuel Rivers (\u0647\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0639\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0628\u0643\u0631\u0627\u064b\u061f) \u0648\u0632\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0646\u0627 Christopher P. Nickson.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 EMCC \u0647\u0648:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meyers CM, Weingart S (2011). \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626. Emergency Medicine Critical Care. 1 (1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 “\u0644\u0644\u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629” \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 (ED) \u0647\u0648 “\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621” (Owning the Airway). \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0628. \u0648\u0643\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u0646\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0636\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u06331. \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0641\u064a\u0631 (ETCO2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u06332. \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0633 ETCO2\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u064f\u0642\u0627\u0633 ETCO2 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u063a\u0627\u0632 CO2 (capnometers)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 (“\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f ETCO2\u061f”) \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 (“\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 ETCO2\u061f”).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 “\u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f CO2\u061f”\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u063a\u0627\u0632 CO2 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u063a\u0627\u0632 CO2 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 ETCO2\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0637 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0640 pH. \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 80% \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 “\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 CO2\u061f”\u060c \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 (CIS) \u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 CO2\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0643\u0645\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a (\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629) \u0644\u0640 CO2 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0641\u0648\u0631 (\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 pH). \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 CIS \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 “\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0627”. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a (“\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a” capnography)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0631\u0626. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u063a\u0627\u0632 CO2 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:
\"\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u063a\u0627\u0632 CO2\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a (\u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629) \u0644\u0640 CO2 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0641\u0648\u0631 (\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 pH). \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0633 CIS \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 “\u0646\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u0627”. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a (“\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u063a\u0627\u0632\u064a” capnography)\u060c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 Y \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f CO2\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 X \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646. \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 CO2 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0641\u0648\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 CO2 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u06333. \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 ETCO2 \u0628\u0640 PaCO2\u061f \u0623\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 ETCO2 \u0643\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 CO2 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0644\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 ETCO2 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 PaCO2. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0628\u0640 “\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c ETCO2\u2014PaCO2”. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0621\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a 4-5 mmHg. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u06334. \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c ETCO2\u2014PaCO2\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0628\u0640:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.       \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0648\u064a \u2014 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0645\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.       \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3.       \u0645\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0646 (COPD)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u06335. \u062d\u0633\u0646\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c ETCO2\u2013PaCO2 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u061f \u0623\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0644 \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u064b\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0638\u060c \u0644\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0636\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a 60-80% \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u06336. \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0630\u0646\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 ETCO2 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u062d\u062a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f PaCO2 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a! \u0643\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 PvCO2 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u0643\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0640 PaCO2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u06337. \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 ETCO2\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636 (Pulse oximetry) \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0636\u0639 (\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b) \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a. \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644 (\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062c)\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646! \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 SpO2 \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u06331. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a (AV). \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0642 AV \u062c\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642. \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0631\u0642 AV \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00b7        \u0628\u064a\u0646 70-100% \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 (+\/- 2% \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00b7        \u0628\u064a\u0646 50-70% \u062a\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0627  (+\/- 3%)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00b7        \u062a\u062d\u062a 50% \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2026 \u0648\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0623\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0628\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 50% \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u06332. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636 (\u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629) \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0640\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00b7        \u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 (\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u062d\u062a\u0649 2.3 g\/dL Hb)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00b7        \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00b7        \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00b7        \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00b7        \u0637\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0638\u0627\u0641\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0643\u0646\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u06333. \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 “\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636”\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0628\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2-3 \u062f\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0623\u0642\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u06334. \u0645\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 PaO2\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0635 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0648\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u06335. \u0645\u062a\u0649 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0631\u0629 FiO2 \u2013 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0641\u0631\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u06336. \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644\u0647\u061f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0636 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0646\u062c\u0631\u0629 (ETT).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 (\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a!<\/p>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1691","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-product-library"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\r\n\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0633 ETCO2 - \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u062a\u0643 | \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 | \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646<\/title>\r\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\r\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.meditech.com.eg\/Medical-product\/how-do-we-measure-the-etco2.html\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0643\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0633 ETCO2 - \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u062a\u0643 | \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 | \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0626\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.meditech.com.eg\/Medical-product\/how-do-we-measure-the-etco2.html\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a\u062a\u0643 | \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0632\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 | \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0646\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-06-07T12:27:50+00:00\" \/>\r\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-07T12:28:43+00:00\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"admin\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\r\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"admin\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\r\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" 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